Spectacle and Concealment at Auckland’s Colonial Prisons

Abstract

Archaeological excavations at Queen Street Gaol and Mount Eden Prison in central Auckland, New Zealand revealed architectural and artefactual evidence shedding light on penal practices in the colony of New Zealand. The Queen Street Gaol, established in 1841 on the outskirts of the growing Auckland settlement, served as a showcase of the colony’s power, featuring public displays of punishment such as stocks and hangings. In the latter half of the 19th century, Mount Eden Prison was constructed to replace the outdated Queen Street Gaol, relocating it two kilometres away to the city’s periphery. Our analysis of the architectural and archaeological evidence shows how this shift hid the social punishment aspect, pushing criminals away from city life, but how it maintained a visually striking façade that advertised state-inflicted consequences. As the city expanded during the 20th century, Mount Eden Prison found itself surrounded by urban development, leading to the decommissioning of the Victorian-era radial prison and the construction of high-rise security units, which now camouflaged the penal function of these institutions. Our analysis demonstrates how the standing structures and sub-surface evidence at these sites reflect the changing attitudes towards social reform and the evolving landscape of punishment in Auckland.